Endocrinology
Endocrinology is a study of hormones that are essential for our survival. Gynaecological endocrinology focuses on the interplay between the endocrine system and reproductive health. Gynecological endocrinology encompasses, but is not limited to the following:
Hormonal Regulation:
Hormones produced by the ovaries, namely estrogen and progesterone, have an impact on various bodily functions, including the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and bone health. This applies to the male reproductive system as well.
Reproductive Health:
Addresses conditions related to the menstrual cycle, such as irregular periods,
amenorrhea (absence of periods), anovulation caused by polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS). Precocious or early puberty that should be referred to and managed by a
gynaecological endocrinologist
Fertility and Pregnancy:
Hormones play an important role in diagnosing and treating infertility issues related to
hormonal imbalances, as well as managing hormonal aspects of pregnancy, such as
progesterone, thyroid, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg).
Endocrine Disorders:
Endocrine disorders that affect the reproductive system, such as hyperandrogenism
(excess male hormone production), thyroid disorders, excess prolactin secretion, and
in some cases underproduction of hormones typically referred to as hypogonadism.
Reproductive Endocrinology :
Focuses on the broader hormonal regulation of the reproductive system in both men
and women. These include fertility and sterility, subfertility, assisted reproductive
technologies, endometriosis and fertility preservation. Fertility preservation broadly
refers to egg and sperm banking for various reasons and maintenance of the body and
pelvic organs in a healthy state.
Menopause
There are three important phases in a woman’s reproductive cycle. The first is puberty, followed by peak fertility, then lastly menopause. Menopause is a normal stage and a transition from fertility to the end of fertility. It is marked by a cessation of the menstrual cycle for a period of 6 to 12 months. This is due to follicle depletion in the ovary and reduced estrogen production. The age of menopause ranges from 45 years to 55 years with a mean age of 51years.
Menopause presents with other symptoms besides cessation of menses. The most common are hot flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping, mood swings and irritability. The list of symptoms is long and may vary from person to person. Whilst some women know about this stage and are looking forward to it, the benefit being cessation of menses, other women do not cope well with these changes. It is important to note that menopause is not a disease or a disorder, however you may need to see your doctor to manage some of the uncomfortable symptoms.
The symptoms of menopause are commonly self-limiting over a period of 5 to 10 years. There is great benefit in managing menopause holistically with nutrition, supplements, and adaptogens. For most women, the symptoms are so severe that they may need menopausal hormone therapy. Your doctor will assess your suitability for any treatment and help you manage symptoms accordingly. Early commencement of menopausal hormone replacement is protective to the heart and bones by preventing thinning of bones. Quality of life in your latter years and during menopause is important, therefore you are encouraged to see your doctor early rather than later.
Understanding Female Sexual Dysfunction
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) can manifest in various ways and stem from a multitude of factors. To effectively address it, we need to consider a woman’s entire sexual wellbeing – physical, emotional, physiological (hormonal), and relational.
You’re Not Alone
The truth is, FSD is more common than you might think. Many women hesitate to seek help due to feelings of shame. However, if sexual difficulties are impacting your intimacy and relationships, know that you’re not alone and support is available.
Common Causes:
- Physical: Certain medical conditions (e.g., kidney failure, multiple sclerosis) and medications (e.g., antidepressants, high blood pressure meds) can contribute to FSD.
- Hormonal: Hormonal fluctuations throughout life, including those caused by birth control, can disrupt sexual function. Decreased estrogen levels, for example, can lead to vaginal dryness and diminished desire.
- Psychological & Social: Relationship conflict, especially involving sex, can negatively impact your sexual response. Similarly, the stress and demands of new parenthood, combined with hormonal changes from childbirth and breastfeeding, can affect your sexual well-being.
Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance that can affect a woman’s reproductive system. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts on the outer edges. This hormonal imbalance can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:
- Irregular or missed menstrual periods: This is a common symptom of PCOS, and periods may be infrequent, irregular, or heavy.
- Difficulty getting pregnant: PCOS can disrupt ovulation, making it more challenging to conceive naturally.
- Increased androgen levels: Androgens are hormones typically associated with males, but women also produce them in small amounts. PCOS can cause an overproduction of androgens, leading to symptoms like:
- Adult acne
- Unwanted hair growth on the face, chest, and back
- Male-pattern baldness
We Can Help
If you’re concerned about PCOS, Neo Fertility Clinic offers a supportive environment and personalized treatment plans. We understand the impact PCOS can have on your well-being and fertility, and we’re here to help you manage your symptoms and achieve your family-building goals.
Birth Control Options: A Guide for Women
Choosing the right birth control method is a personal decision. Here at Neo Fertility Clinic, we understand that every woman’s needs are unique. We offer a variety of birth control options to help you find the perfect fit:
Oral Contraceptives (The Pill):
- The most common birth control method.
- Contains hormones that mimic a menstrual cycle, but it’s not a real period.
- Requires daily use at the same time each day for best effectiveness.
- Benefits: Regulates periods, reduces acne, treats heavy or painful periods.
The Patch:
- Weekly patch that releases hormones through the skin.
- Same hormones and benefits as the Pill, but with a weekly change.
- Easy to use, but may not be as discreet as the Pill.
Vaginal Ring:
- Flexible ring inserted into the vagina for three weeks, followed by a week off for your period.
- Releases hormones similar to the Pill and patch.
- Convenient and requires less frequent attention than daily pills.
- Not recommended for smokers over 35.
Contraceptive Implant:
- Thin rod inserted under the upper arm that lasts up to 3 years.
- Contains progestin only, making it suitable for women who cannot tolerate estrogen.
- Highly effective and convenient.
- May cause irregular periods or stop them altogether.
- Fertility returns quickly after removal.
Contraceptive Injection:
- Progestin injection administered every 2-3 months.
- Effective, but may cause irregular bleeding and it can take longer for fertility to return after stopping.
Intrauterine Device (IUD):
- Long-term (3-5 years) T-shaped device inserted into the uterus.
- Available in hormonal and copper versions.
- Hormonal IUDs may lighten periods or stop them completely.
- Copper IUD is hormone-free.
- Highly effective and long-lasting.
Finding the Right Choice:
We recommend scheduling a consultation to discuss your individual needs and medical history. Our team can help you explore all your birth control options and choose the method that best suits your lifestyle and preferences.
Bladder Pain Syndrome
Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) can sometimes be mistaken for a urinary tract infection (UTI) because of similar symptoms. However, unlike UTIs, BPS is not caused by bacteria and can be a chronic condition.
Symptoms of BPS:
- Pain or pressure in the bladder and pelvic region
- Frequent urination (urinary urgency)
- Pain during urination
- Difficulty emptying the bladder completely
Challenges and Management:
Diagnosing BPS can be complex because there’s no single test to confirm it. However, a urologist can perform a thorough evaluation to rule out other conditions and develop a treatment plan to manage your symptoms. Treatments for BPS may include:
- Lifestyle modifications: Dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pelvic floor muscle exercises can all be helpful.
- Medications: Certain medications can help relax the bladder muscles and ease pain.
- Physical therapy: Pelvic floor physical therapy can strengthen the muscles supporting the bladder.
Living with BPS:
While there’s no cure for BPS, effective management strategies can significantly improve your quality of life. If you’re experiencing symptoms of BPS, you don’t have to live in pain. Here at Neo Fertility Clinic, our team of urological specialists understands the challenges of BPS and is dedicated to helping you find relief. We offer comprehensive diagnostic evaluations and personalised treatment plans to manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and discuss your options.
Common symptoms for bladder pain syndrome
- Pain during sex.
- The urgency to urinate despite urinating recently.
- Pain in the vulva, vagina, or the area behind the vagina.
- Lower abdomen, lower back, pelvis or urethral pain.
- Bladder pressure and pain that intensifies as your bladder fills up.
Contact Us
- Ground Floor East Wing Netcare Park Lane Hospital, Cnr Junction Avenue & Park Lane, Parktown, 2193
- +27 11 480 4014
- +27 66 539 4532
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